Tuesday, May 3, 2011


Study of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and VVVF Drive and their Application to Conveyor System

 This work deals with the study of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) & Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF) Drive and their application to the Conveyor System in Industry.  Generally, in industry the installed conveyor system moves in a single direction for the transportation of goods and raw material is fed by some other means. Here, our project helps in overcoming this problem. With the application of PLC, our project serve the both forward as well as reverse rotating direction of the conveyor system based on the application of Sensor and Counter. Running of the system is also dependent on time and gets switched off on the predefined time delay. Hence it also proves as power saving. Thus, raw material can be fed to the machine by the conveyor system and after counting up of specified number of pulses, motor will rotate in reverse direction. And so the manufactured products can also be transported through the same conveyor system

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Awareness among people

Saving of energy can be successfully carried out by educating people and spreading awareness about limited resources availability. Most of the people in India have rural background. In rural areas, proper education facility is scarce. So, due to lack of education people do not take any initiative regarding energy saving and have selfish mentality. People are moreover concerned about using and not about saving since they pay for it in form of tax. For them government is responsible for any issue. Such mentality hinders the success path of saving energy program at mass level.
So, to carry out the “ENERGY SAVING” program, people must be educated and proper awareness programs should be strictly carried out through cultural activities.

Role of Ethics

While living in Dayalbagh (Agra), an innovative idea has came in my mind that if we relate all these activities with the ethics which result in the saving/ security/ enhancement of the resources by plantation, rain water harvesting, prohibition on use of plastic, use of bicycle for short distance, maximum use of public transport, saving of electricity, recycling (concept of use and throw should be stopped, while the concept of reuse and damping must be emphasized), etc.

Solar Energy

Solar Energy is the renewable sources of energy which is alternative sources of almost all type of energy. Still due to the lack of technology, it has limited applications.
So if we are able to use maximum solar energy then we need not to worry about any resources in future. It can be possible not only when concern Research and Development Department will take a bigger step in this field but also it should be promoted on the large scale even in interior areas to make aware about the solar energy through formal as well as non-formal education, advertisements and other various awareness programs so that maximum utilization of the solar energy can be possible.
This program can also be enhance by providing subsidy to the concern components like solar plate which cost very high.

Rain Water Harvesting

While looking about the draught condition of the crop an idea came in my mind that, this condition can be over-come if we have the proper arrangement of rain-water harvesting.
In India, still we don’t have proper arrangement for rain-water harvesting. Hence, a large quantity of water remains unused. So, it could be better to have proper rain-water harvesting tanks and ponds, drainage system, etc. so that the demand of water for irrigation, etc. can be full-filled. In spite rain-water, ground-water is also very important and plays a vital role in our daily life. To ensure this we should have limited use of water for bathing, washing, cleansing, etc. No taps should be left open while bathing, brushing, kneading and washing, etc.


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The present scenario of education system in India lays importance to theory teaching, which deprives students from its actual application in real life and to meet the changing technology of the world. In this prevailing education system, the load of books on students back is giving adverse effect on their health and also encourages tension and sense of frustration which hinders student’s vision and their actual outcome.
So, to overcome this problem the technology based education system should be introduced. Under this new education system, the log of books in student’s bag should be replaced by an electronic notebook which will contain the contents of their books. Replacement of books by electronics notebook will prevent various health problems of students since only a healthy body can posses a healthy mind.
Also, instead of giving emphasis to the core education, vocational education should be flourished so that students have the mastery of the field of their choice. Also, it is observed that one can learn in a better way by watching than listen. So, in new education system lesson should be taught with help of audio- visual aids. As far technology is concerned, students should be updated with the new technology trends in their respective fields for their better vision. However, in India most students prefer to grab education for having a better employment and not for the sake of knowledge. So, if India wants to be in the race of technology, then a new technology based education system has to be encouraged. This new education system will surely bring India among the top nations of the world by 2020. Dayalbagh Educational Institute is among the pioneer which laid the foundation of such educational system in India.


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Agra is endowed with cultural heritage and famous world wide as a city of Taj. Agra is also famous as a one of most polluted city. The development of Agra is unsystematic so it cannot be considered as a heritage city. This city is suffering from water scarcity, traffic jam, poor road, improper sewage drainage system, frequent load shedding, dirty Yamuna river water above all high load of SPM (suspended particulate matter). This paper deals with present status of Agra and the various methods which ultimately results to make Agra Green by systematic approach. Making Agra green is really a big dream but high achievement always takes place in the frame work of high expectation. So, it is possible to make not only Agra green but we can unitedly make the green globe too.
Agra is located in north central India, 200 km south east of Delhi, falls in the Indo-Gangetic plain and thus agriculture is the major activity. The soil type is a mixture of sandy loam containing excess of salts. Two thirds of its peripheral boundaries are bounded by the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. The major industrial activities in Agra are ferrous and non-ferrous metal casting, rubber processing, tanneries, lime oxidation and pulverization, engineering works, chemicals and brick-kilns. Apart from the local sources, Mathura refinery and Ferozabad glass industries are both situated at a distance of 40 km from west and east of Agra, respectively. Over the past many years, there has been much discussion on environment pollution. No importance had been given before by the government or by the people to this problem. Now its importance is being realized by us. But with the spread of city life, industrial development, urbanization and environmental pollution has posed to be a dangerous problem from all corners-air, water, noise, agriculture and health and challenge to modern civilization and society.
The dream of “GREEN AGRA” can be made true by making and adopting suitable systematic approach which will minimize the problem to the level which will not cause harmful impacts if it does not eradicate completely. Any activity becomes creativity when the doer cares about doing it right. So, making Agra green is only needed to change our activity into creativity. Systematic and planned urbanization, zoning of industries, preserving and maintenance of green belt, wide road with pedestal path, public transport facility, use of renewable source of energy, proper drainage system, rainwater harvesting, use of bio-fertilizer and above all making the people aware about problems and possible solutions, developing moral and ethics value to not to waste anything. Beside this we should also adopt ourselves according to the environment. It has rightly been said that “great thought speaks only to the thoughtful mind but great action speaks to the all mankind”.

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